The first function of artificial lighting is giving a light when the night comes, as a subtitute of sunlight. But in the other side, artificial lighting also can be designed to provide an atmosfer of warmth and hospitality as well as the focal point. Each lighting technique has its own effect. Here are 5 fundamental theories of artificial lighting

Frontlighting. Frontlighting is a front direct lighting technique which can make the object become flat. There are no texture or dimension at the object. This technique is often used to light up painting at the wall.

Downligthing. Downlighting will light the object beneath. It cause bottom-side of the object become dark and look shorter as well as expose a texture of the object prominently. This technique is often used at interior design lighting in order to get spread lighting.
Uplighting. Uplighting lights the object bottom-up. It cause the object become look taller. That’s why this technique is often used to expose vertical element like column, sculpture or trees.

Sidelighting. Sidelighting lights the object from the left/right. So that, 3 Dimentional effect of the object can be exposed well. This technique is often used to get dramatical impression.

Backlighting. Backlighting lights the object from behind. It cause the object is like a silhouette and more elegant.